SQL SERVER - Fundamentals- 1.

Today was taking an interveiw to fresher and worried about the sorry state on fundamentals. So inorder to provide some insight that would help Aspriants to understand better about the Fundamentals going ahead posting atleast 1 post per week with Fundamentals/Definations.. To start with.. here we go.

WHAT IS AN UNENFORCED RELATIONSHIP?
A link between tables that references the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table, and which does not check the referential integrity during INSERT and UPDATE transactions


WHAT IS MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIP?
A relationship between two tables in which rows in each table have multiple matching rows in the related table. For example, each sales invoice can contain multiple products, but each product can appear on multiple sales invoices.

WHAT IS A LINKED SERVER?
A definition of an OLE DB data source used by SQL Server distributed queries. The linked server definition specifies the OLE DB provider required to access the data, and includes enough addressing information for the OLE DB provider to connect to the data. Any rowsets exposed by the OLE DB data source can then be referenced as tables, called linked tables, in SQL Server distributed queries.

Download SQL Server "Denali" CTP3

CTP3 is here …  use below url to download  Denali CTP3.

https://www.microsoft.com/betaexperience/pd/SQLDCTP3CTA/enus/

YOU HAVE LOST ACCESS TO SQL SERVER. NOW WHAT?

You are working as a trusted DBA responsible for some extremely important SQL Servers for your company. For the sake of security, you have performed the following steps to secure SQL Servers:

• You have removed any and all built-in administrators account from SQL Server logins
• You have removed all the users (except SA) that were part of SYSADMIN server role (Including any Windows Accounts and/or SQL Server logins)
• You have set the password of SA to something extremely complex which is hard to remember.
• For day-to-day operations on SQL Server, you use your domain user account which has DBO permissions on couple of databases but doesn't have SYSADMIN privileges.

Since you set the SA password to be complex and you have not been using it, you forgot the SA password. You are the only person in the company who would know the SA password and now you have lost the SA password.


What would you do now?
Some quick options I can think of are listed below:

1. You will try to look for the SA password on your computer hard-drive or in your emails (If you stored it in some file which is a bad practice)
2. You will rebuild Master database or reinstall SQL Server and attach all the user databases. However, this could take some time and also doesn't guarantee that all your logins, users, permissions and server configurations will be recovered unless you plan to restore the Master database from an old backup. However, as you don't remember the SA password, restoring the Master database will not help you and you are back to square one.
3. You will call up Microsoft PSS

You are now running out of options. What would you do?


There's a way with which you can gain SYSADMIN access to your SQL Server. However, that would mean your Windows account will need to be a member of the local administrators group.


SQL Server allows any member of Local Administrators group to connect to SQL Server with SYSADMIN privileges.


Here are the steps you will need to perform:

1. Start the SQL Server instance using single user mode (or minimal configuration which will also put SQL Server in single user mode)
   
   From the command prompt type: SQLServr.Exe –m (or SQLServr.exe –f)

Note: If the Binn folder is not in your environmental path, you'll need to navigate to the Binn folder.

(Usually the Binn folder is located at: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn)

1. Once SQL Server service has been started in single user mode or with minimal configuration, you can now use the SQLCMD command from command prompt to connect to SQL Server and perform the following operations to add yourself back as an Admin on SQL Server instance.

SQLCMD –S <Server_Name\Instance_Name>

You will now be logged in to SQL Server as an Admin.

1. Once you are logged into the SQL Server using SQLCMD, issue the following commands to create a new account or add an existing login to SYSADMIN server role. 

To create a new login and add that login to SYSADMIN server role:

1> CREATE LOGIN '<Login_Name>' with PASSWORD='<Password>'

2> go

1> SP_ADDSRVROLEMEMBER '<Login_Name>','SYSADMIN'

2>go

To add an existing login to SYSADMIN server role, execute the following:

1. SP_ADDSRVROLEMEMBER '<LOGIN_NAME>','SYSADMIN'

The above operation will take care of granting SYSADMIN privileges to an existing login or to a new login.

1. Once the above steps are successfully performed, the next step is to stop and start SQL Server services using regular startup options. (This time you will not need –f or –m)

Credits : Saleem Hakani

SQL SERVER Denali CTP3 is Coming Soon!!!

Register below for the latest update on Denali ....

http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/en/us/product-info/future-editions.aspx

SQL SERVER BLACK BOX !!!

Ever wanted to find out what was happening when SQL Server crashed? Your investigation should also include reviewing the SQL Server activities much like what profiler would do. SQL Server 2008 (Including SQL2K5) out of the box comes with a default trace enabled. This trace keeps track of configuration changes, process level information and other information that can be very helpful for troubleshooting SQL Server related issues.


The default trace file can be opened and examined by launching SQL Server Profiler and by loading the log.trc file from (\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\<Instance_Name>\MSSQL\Log\) location or by querying it with Transact-SQL using the fn_trace_gettable system function.


Alternatively, you can query the trace file using the following T-SQL statement:
SELECT
*
FROM
fn_trace_gettable
('C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Log\log.trc',
default);
-- Make sure you point to the right drive instead of C:\ drive.


Note: By default this trace is on
and can't be stopped by using the SP_Trace_SetStatus system stored procedure. Instead, you will need to stop the default trace by using SP_Configure option. *It is not a good idea to stop this trace.


Some of the information provided by the default trace includes:
Configuration change history
Schema Changes History
Memory Consumption
All Blocking Transactions
Top Sessions
Top Queries by Average CPU time
Top Queries by Average IO,
Etc.

This data can also be accessed from the Admin reports (from SQL Server Management Studio right-click the registered server and select "Reports")

Credits: Saleem Hakani

SAVE TIME CONNECTING TO SQL SERVER USING MANAGEMENT STUDIO

You are a developer responsible for working with a specific database. Every time you open up SQL Server Management Studio, you have to provide the name of the SQL Server Instance, Authentication Type, User Name and Password and if you are planning on working with a specific database, you will need to click on Options and then select the default database. Once you are logged in, you will then need to click on New Query to open the query editor.


Performing the above operations on a frequent basis to connect to SQL Server using management studio could time consuming. Wouldn't it be nice if you could simply click on SQL Server Management Studio and it logs you in and also connects to the database you usually work with and open up query editor by default for you?


You can now change the behavior of SQL Server Management Studio to make it work the way you want and here's how you can do that. Please note that there are two changes that need to be done:

1. Update the SSMS.EXE to include the connection parameters in the Shortcut link:
   
    

CONNECT TO SQL SERVER THRU MANAGEMENT STUDIO WITH DEFAULT VALUES

Syntax: SSMS.EXE –S <ServerName> -d <Database_Name> -E Example: SSMS.EXE –S TK2SAMSQL01 –d MSSOLVE –E

You can update the shortcut link of SQL Server Management Studio from Start->Programs->SQL Server 2008-> SQL Server Management Studio link. (Simply right click on the link and select properties to update the link)

1. Configure SQL Server Management Studio to open Object Explorer and Query Editor by default:
   
    

OPEN QUERY EDITOR BY DEFAULT WHEN MANAGEMENT STUDIO IS LAUNCHED
STEPS	ACTION
1	SELECT TOOLS FROM SQL SERVER MANAGEMENT STUDIO MENU
2	SELECT OPTIONS FROM THE TOOLS MENU
3	SELECT GENERAL FROM THE ENVIRONMENT FOLDER
4	CLICK ON THE DROP DOWN LIST OF "AT STARTUP" OPTION
5	FROM THE DROP DOWN, SELECT "OPEN OBJECT EXPLORER AND NEW QUERY"
6	CLICK ON OK AND CLOSE AND RESTART SQL SERVER MANAGEMENT STUDIO

After both the above changes are implemented, SQL Server Management Studio will need to be closed. When you launch SQL Server Management after making the above changes, it will bypass the security dialog box and will connect you straight to the database you want to work with and will also launch query editor along with object explorer. This could potentially save the time of a developer by not having to go thru multiple manual steps.

SQL SERVER MANAGEMENT STUDIO CAN OPEN UP 4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS AT STARTUP

OBJECT EXPLORER (This is the default window) NEW QUERY WINDOW OBJECT EXPLORER AND QUERY EDITOR (You should select this for this example) EMPTY ENVIRONMENT

Important: You will need to close SQL Server Management studio and launch it again for the above changes to take effect.


Credits : Saleem Hakani

INTRO

Welcome to the SQL SERVER TALK!!!

This is where  we are free  explore the World of SQLSERVER sharing all of our combined knowledge ,by updating the facts, features and interesting experiences & findings. , so feel free to add new articles or to enhance the information already here, so that we can establish one of the best resources for definitive answers to many questions.